腊八是小年吗还是大年(腊八是小年吗)

你在哪天过“小年”？知道这些习俗吗？

中国民间传统的祭灶日“小年（Little New Year/Minor New Year）”来到了。

这一天人们通常通过祭灶和扫年来宣告整个春节庆祝活动的开始。也有日历将腊月廿三和廿四都标注为小年，原因在于南北方的小年会相差一天，北方多数人廿三过小年，而南方人的小年则要晚一天。你们那里哪天过小年？

下面是“小年”的六种民间习俗，“小年”也预示着春季的开始。

1. Offer sacrifices to Kitchen God 祭灶王

In one of the most distinctive traditions of the Little New Year is the burning of a paper image of the Kitchen God, dispatching the god's spirit to Heaven to report on the family's conduct over the past year. The Kitchen God is then welcomed back by to the home through the pasting of a new paper image of him beside the stove. From this vantage point, the Kitchen God will oversee and protect the household for another year. “小年”最具特色的风俗就是“祭灶王”，具体来讲就是将旧的灶王像烧掉，送“灶王”上天禀报这家人过去一年的善恶。大年三十的晚上，要在灶台旁贴一张新的灶王像，也就是“接灶”。这样，来年“灶王爷”就能继续监督并庇佑这一家人。

Most of the offerings are sweets of various varieties. It is thought that this will seal the Kitchen God's mouth and encourage him to only say good things about the family when he ascends to heaven to make his report. 人们还会在祭灶时给灶王爷摆上多种甜点做贡品，认为这会堵住灶王爷的嘴，让他上天汇报时只说好话。

2. House cleaning 扫尘土

Between Laba Festival, on the eighth day of the last lunar month, and Little New Year, on the twenty-third day, families throughout China undertake a thorough house cleaning, sweeping out the old in preparation for the New Year. 从腊八到小年这段时间，中国大部分家庭都会彻底清扫房屋，“辞旧迎新”。

According to Chinese folk beliefs, during the last month of the year ghosts and deities must choose either to return to Heaven or to stay on Earth. It is believed that in order to ensure the ghosts and deities' timely departure people must thoroughly clean both their persons and their dwellings, down to every last drawer and cupboard. 根据中国民间习俗，鬼魂和神灵都要在腊月选择返回天上还是留在人间。为了保证“他们”及时离开，人们必须彻底进行清扫，包括个人卫生和住所，抽屉和碗柜的犄角旮旯也都要打扫干净。

3. Eat Guandong candy 吃关东糖

Guandong candy, a sticky treat made out of glutinous millet and sprouted wheat, is a traditional snack that Chinese people eat on the Festival of the Kitchen God. 关东糖是用麦芽、小米熬制而成，是人们在小年吃的传统小吃。

4. Paste paper-cuts to windows 贴窗花

In the Little New Year, old couplets and paper-cuts from the previous Spring Festival are taken down, and new window decorations, New Year's posters, and auspicious decorations are pasted up. 过小年时，要把去年春节贴的春联和窗花取下，贴上新的窗花，年画，和各种大吉大利的装饰品。

5. Bath and hair-cut 沐浴理发

As the old Chinese saying goes, whether they're rich or poor, people often have a haircut before the Spring Festival. The activity of taking bath and haircut is often taken on the Little New Year. 民间有“有钱没钱，剃头过年”的说法。“小年”时人们常要沐浴理发。

6. Preparations for Spring Festival

办年货

File photo shows people do special purchases for the Spring Festival. [Photo by Liu Mingxiang/Asianewsphoto]

People start to stock up necessary provisions for the Spring Festival since the Little New Year. Everything needed to make offerings to the ancestors, entertain guests, and feed the family over the long holiday must be purchased in advance. 从小年开始，人们就要为过年置办了，包括给祖先的贡品、招待客人的用品，还有过年期间一家人的吃食都要提前买好。

（中国日报网英语点津 yaning）

来源：中国日报网

新年将至，今日腊八

今天是农历十二月（即腊月）初八，也就是中国传统节日\"腊八节”，古代称为“腊日”，是腊月的第一个节日。

腊八·由来

自上古时代起，腊八是用来祭祀祖先和神灵的祭祀仪式，祈求丰收和吉祥。

据《礼记·郊特牲》记载，腊祭是“岁十二月，合聚万物而索飨之也。”夏代称腊日为“嘉平”，商代为“清祀”，周代为“大蜡”；因在十二月举行，故称该月为腊月，称腊祭这一天为腊日。先秦的腊日在冬至后的第三个戌日，后来佛教传入，为了扩大在本土的影响力遂附会传统文化把腊八节定为佛成道日。后随佛教盛行，佛祖成道日与腊日融合，在佛教领域被称为“法宝节”。南北朝开始才固定在腊月初八。

《说文》载：“冬至后三戌日腊祭百神。”可见，冬至后第三个戌日曾是腊日。后由于佛教介入，腊日分化为腊八和小年，自此相沿成俗。

腊八·习俗

祭祀

敬神供佛、祭祀祖灵、欢庆丰收和驱疫禳灾是腊八节的主旋律。除此之外，腊八节这天还有悼念亡国、寄托哀思的习俗。

腊八粥

腊八粥也叫七宝五味粥，我国喝腊八粥的历史，已有一千多年。最早开始于宋代，每逢腊八这一天，不论是朝廷、官府、寺院还是黎民百姓家都要做腊八粥。到了清朝，喝腊八粥的风俗更是盛行。在宫廷，皇帝、皇后、皇子等都要向文武大臣、侍从宫女赐腊八粥，并向各个寺院发放米、果等供僧侣食用。在民间，家家户户也要做腊八粥，祭祀祖先;同时，合家团聚在一起食用，馈赠亲朋好友。

腊八醋

北方地区有在腊八这天用醋泡大蒜的习俗，名“腊八醋”。腊八醋，要泡到大年初一，初一吃饺子，要吃素饺子，取一年素素净净之意，蘸腊八醋吃，别有一番滋味是。“腊八醋”不仅味道醇正，而且久放不坏。

腊八蒜

腊八蒜就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制蒜，是北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。其材料就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。

吃冰

腊八前一天，人们一般用钢盆舀水结冰，等到了腊八节就脱盆冰并把冰敲成碎块。

腊八豆腐

腊八豆腐是安徽省黟县地区民间传统小吃之一，节日食俗。在腊月初八，家家户户都要晒制豆腐，民间将这种晒制的豆腐，便称作“腊八豆腐”。

腊八面

传统面食，流行于陕西关中地区，在陕西省渭北一带的澄城地区，腊八节一般是不喝粥的，每年的农历腊月初八早上，家家户户都要吃碗腊八面。

腊八·养生

一、温度很重要

有的地方冬天烧暖气或开空调，室温达到30℃，人在室内会出汗，等到出门时遇寒就容易患病，小儿、老年人最易受寒。所以要把室内温度调整适宜，出门穿戴严实，防止风寒的侵袭。

二、睡眠要充足

有些老年人喜欢晨练，凌晨四五点钟起床外出容易诱发各种疾病，建议多休息一会儿，9点太阳出来后再到户外锻炼。冬季除了保证夜间睡眠，午后可打个盹，但要避免着凉。

三、饮食要合理

天冷了，选择进补，首先需要了解自己的体质，针对体质进补，才能补到点子上。建议对于想健身长寿者来说，除了食补，还应注意适当运动锻炼、饮食调理等等，才能达到真正意义上的养生。对于体质较弱者，一味偏补则反而引发疾病。因此，进补最好在医生指导下进行。

腊八·诗词

《腊日》

陶渊明　

风雪送馀运，无妨时已和。

梅柳夹门植，一条有佳花。

我唱尔言得，酒中适何多！

未能明多少，章山有奇歌。

《腊日》

杜甫

腊日常年暖尚遥，今年腊日冻全消。

侵凌雪色还萱草，漏泄春光有柳条。

纵酒欲谋良夜醉，还家初散紫宸朝。

口脂面药随恩泽，翠管银婴下九霄。

《腊前月季》

杨万里

只道花无十日红，此花无日不春风。

一尖已剥胭脂笔，四破犹包翡翠茸。

别有香超桃李外，更同梅斗雪霜中。

折来喜作新年看，忘却今晨是冬季。

《十二月八日步至西村》

陆游

腊月风和意已春，时因散策过吾邻。

草烟漠漠柴门里，牛迹重重野水滨。

多病所须惟药物，差科未动是闲人。

今朝佛粥交相馈，更觉江村节物新。

腊八·童谣

小孩小孩你别馋

过了腊八就是年

腊八粥喝几天

哩哩啦啦二十三

二十三糖瓜粘

二十四扫房子

二十五炸豆腐

二十六煮煮肉

二十七杀年鸡

二十八把面发

二十九蒸馒头

三十晚上闹一宿

大年初一扭一扭

“小年”用英语怎么翻译呢？

小年到，春节的脚步更近了！

“小年”一般可译为Little New Year，也可以用拼音xiaonian表示，后面再进行一定的说明解释。

Little New Year (Xiaonian), usually a week before the lunar New Year, falls on Jan 17 this year. It is also known as the Festival of the Kitchen God, the deity who oversees the moral character of each household.

deity[ˈdeɪəti]：神

也有日历将腊月廿三和廿四都标注为小年，原因在于南北方的小年会相差一天，北方多数人廿三过小年，而南方人的小年则要晚一天。

小年习俗繁多，用英文怎么讲呢？下面一起和双语君（微信ID：Chinadaily_Mobile）学习一下吧。

祭灶王

Offer sacrifices toKitchen God

In one of the most distinctive traditions of the Little New Year is the burning of a paper image of the Kitchen God, dispatching the god's spirit to Heaven to report on the family's conduct over the past year. The Kitchen God is then welcomed back by to the home through the pasting of a new paper image of him beside the stove. From this vantage point, the Kitchen God will oversee and protect the household for another year.

“小年”最具特色的风俗就是“祭灶王”，具体来讲就是将旧的灶王像烧掉，送“灶王”上天禀报这家人过去一年的善恶。大年三十的晚上，要在灶台旁贴一张新的灶王像，也就是“接灶”。这样，来年“灶王爷”就能继续监督并庇佑这一家人。

Most of the offerings are sweets of various varieties. It is thought that this will seal the Kitchen God's mouth and encourage him to only say good things about the family when he ascends to heaven to make his report.

人们还会在祭灶时给灶王爷摆上多种甜点做贡品，认为这会堵住灶王爷的嘴，让他上天汇报时只说好话。

扫尘土

House cleaning

图源：CGTN

Between Laba Festival, on the eighth day of the last lunar month, and Little New Year, on the twenty-third day, families throughout China undertake a thorough house cleaning, sweeping out the old in preparation for the New Year.

从腊八到小年这段时间，中国大部分家庭都会彻底清扫房屋，“辞旧迎新”。

According to Chinese folk beliefs, during the last month of the year ghosts and deities must choose either to return to Heaven or to stay on Earth. It is believed that in order to ensure the ghosts and deities' timely departure people must thoroughly clean both their persons and their dwellings, down to every last drawer and cupboard.

根据中国民间习俗，鬼魂和神灵都要在腊月选择返回天上还是留在人间。为了保证“他们”及时离开，人们必须彻底进行清扫，包括个人卫生和住所，抽屉和碗柜的犄角旮旯也都要打扫干净。

吃关东糖

Eat Guandong candy

Guandong candy, a sticky treat made out of glutinous millet and sprouted wheat, is a traditional snack that Chinese people eat on the Festival of the Kitchen God.

关东糖是用麦芽、小米熬制而成，是人们在小年吃的传统小吃。

贴窗花

Pastepaper-cuts to windows

In the Little New Year, old couplets and paper-cuts from the previous Spring Festival are taken down, and new window decorations, New Year's posters, and auspicious decorations are pasted up.

过小年时，要把去年春节贴的春联和窗花取下，贴上新的窗花、年画和各种大吉大利的装饰品。

沐浴理发

Bath and hair-cut

下次剪头发要等到二月二了…… 图源：CGTN

As the old Chinese saying goes, whether they're rich or poor, people often have a haircut before the Spring Festival. The activity of taking bath and haircut is often taken on the Little New Year.

民间有“有钱没钱，剃头过年”的说法。小年时人们常要沐浴理发。

办年货

Preparations for Spring Festival

People start to stock up necessary provisions for the Spring Festival since the Little New Year. Everything needed to make offerings to the ancestors, entertain guests, and feed the family over the long holiday must be purchased in advance.

从小年开始，人们就要为过年置办了，包括给祖先的贡品、招待客人的用品，还有过年期间一家人的吃食都要提前买好。

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来源： 中国日报网双语新闻